Güncel Patoloji Dergisi 2026, Cilt 10, Sayı 2
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Current Approach to the Molecular Tests in Urogenital Tumors
Duygu ENNELİ 1, İbrahim KULAÇ 2, Yasemin YUYUCU KARABULUT 3, Berrak GÜMÜŞKAYA ÖCAL 4, Yasemin ÖZLÜK 5, Yüksel ÜRÜN 6, Çağatay ARSLAN 7, Demir Kürşat YILDIZ 8
1 Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
2 Koç Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye
3 Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, Mersin, Türkiye
4 Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
5 İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye
6 Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Onkoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
7 İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi, Medical Point İzmir Hastanesi, Tıbbi Onkoloji Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye
8 Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, Van, Türkiye
DOI : 10.5146/jcpath.2026.747 Advances in molecular pathology have led to significant improvements in the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive evaluation of tumors of the genitourinary system. This review, prepared by the Uropathology Working Group of the Federation of Pathology Societies, aims to provide a practical guide for the accurate, reliable, and standardized implementation of current molecular tests used in genitourinary tumors. In prostate cancer, alterations in homologous recombination repair genes, particularly BRCA1/2 and ATM, as well as MMR/MSI status and tumor mutational burden analysis, play an important role in treatment selection. In urothelial carcinomas, FGFR, HER2, PD-L1, and MMR/MSI are the main predictive biomarkers. Molecular testing of renal tumors contributes to diagnosis, tumor classification, and the assessment of hereditary predisposition. In testicular germ cell tumors, isochromosome 12p analysis is of diagnostic value; HPV testing and p16 immunohistochemistry are important in penile squamous cell carcinomas. For the effective use of these molecular tests, appropriate indications, selection of adequate tumor tissue, standardization of preanalytical processes to preserve nucleic acid quality, and rational use of tissue are key considerations. Appropriate reporting of results and their interpretation within a multidisciplinary approach are also important components of this process. Anahtar Kelimeler : Urogenital tumors, Molecular tests, Immunohistochemistry, FISH, PCR, NGS